Quantum probes to assess correlations in a composite system

We suggest and demonstrate experimentally a strategy to obtain relevant information about a composite system by only performing measurements on a small and easily accessible part of it, which we call quantum probe. We show in particular how quantitative information about the angular correlations of couples of entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion is accessed through the study of the trace distance between two polarization states evolved from different initial conditions. After estimating the optimal polarization states to be used as quantum probe, we provide a detailed analysis of the connection between the increase of the trace distance above its initial value and the amount of angular correlations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Rule Breaking, Honesty, and Migration

Using census data, we study false birth-date registrations in Italy, a phenomenon well known to demographers, in a setting that allows us to separate honesty from the benefits of cheating and deterrence. By comparing migrants leaving a locality with those who remain in it, we illustrate the tendency of Italians to sort themselves across geographic areas according to their honesty levels. Over time, this tendency has modified the average honesty level in each locality, with relevant consequences for the distribution across geographic areas of outcomes like human capital, productivity, earnings growth, and the quality of local politicians and government

Generalized convex hull construction for materials discovery

High-throughput computational materials searches generate large databases of locally-stable structures. Conventionally, the needle-in-a-haystack search for the few experimentally-synthesizable compounds is performed using a convex hull construction, which identifies structures stabilized by manipulation of a particular thermodynamic constraint (for example pressure or composition) chosen based on prior experimental evidence or intuition. To address the biased nature of this procedure we introduce a generalized convex hull framework. Convex hulls are constructed on data-driven principal coordinates, which represent the full structural diversity of the database. Their coupling to experimentally-realizable constraints hints at the conditions that are most likely to stabilize a given configuration. The probabilistic nature of our framework also addresses the uncertainty stemming from the use of approximate models during database construction, and eliminates redundant structures. The remaining small set of candidates that have a high probability of being synthesizable provide a much needed starting point for the determination of viable synthetic pathways.Comment: Accepted Manuscrip

Liquid levothyroxine formulations in patients taking drugs interfering with L-T4 absorption

PurposeTo describe the current knowledge on thyroid hormonal profile in patients on liquid L-T4 therapy and drugs known to interfere with L-T4 absorption. MethodsA PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Case reports, case series, original studies and reviews written in English and published online up to 31 August 2022 were selected and reviewed. The final reference list was defined based on the relevance of each paper to the scope of this review. ResultsThe available data showed that novel levothyroxine formulations circumvent gastric pH impairment due to multiple interfering drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, calcium or iron supplements, sevelamer, aluminum/magnesium hydroxide and sodium alginate. ConclusionNew formulations can be taken simultaneously with drugs interfering with L-T4 absorption, in particular liquid formulations. Softgel capsules need more studies to support these data

Case Report: A Peculiar Case of Inflammatory Colitis After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

open14noWe report a case of inflammatory colitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with no additional co-morbidity who died within three weeks of hospitalization. As it is becoming increasingly clear that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause immunological alterations, we investigated the expression of the inhibitory checkpoint PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 to explore the potential role of this axis in the break of self-tolerance. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in colon tissue was demonstrated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical localization of the nucleocapsid protein. Expression of lymphocyte markers, PD-1, and PD-L1 in colon tissue was investigated by IHC. SARSCoV- 2-immunoreactive cells were detected both in the ulcerated and non-ulcerated mucosal areas. Compared to healthy tissue, where PD-1 is weakly expressed and PD-L1 is absent, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression appears in the inflamed mucosal tissue, as expected, but was mainly confined to non-ulcerative areas. At the same time, these markers were virtually undetectable in areas of mucosal ulceration. Our data show an alteration of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and suggest a link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an aberrant autoinflammatory response due to concomitant breakdown of the PD-1/ PD-L1 interaction leading to early death of the patient.openRutigliani, Mariangela; Bozzo, Matteo; Barberis, Andrea; Greppi, Marco; Anelli, Emanuela; Castellaro, Luca; Bonsignore, Alessandro; Azzinnaro, Antonio; Pesce, Silvia; Filauro, Marco; Rollandi, Gian Andrea; Castagnola, Patrizio; Candiani, Simona; Marcenaro, EmanuelaRutigliani, Mariangela; Bozzo, Matteo; Barberis, Andrea; Greppi, Marco; Anelli, Emanuela; Castellaro, Luca; Bonsignore, Alessandro; Azzinnaro, Antonio; Pesce, Silvia; Filauro, Marco; Rollandi, Gian Andrea; Castagnola, Patrizio; Candiani, Simona; Marcenaro, Emanuel

AS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS NA PANDEMIA: O ENSINO HÍBRIDO E SUAS POSSIBILIDADES

In Brazil and around the world, people have suffered great hardship due to the health crisis stemming from COVID-19. The contamination by the virus was something new and worrisome that led the authorities to create public policies to confront them in different sectors, including education. With the advance of the disease and coping measures, education became hybrid, as social distancing was relaxed. Given this context, this study had as general objective to understand the public policies created during and after the pandemic that provided opportunities for hybrid education. The methodology was the literature review, whose bibliographic search was performed in the databases Pubmed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, Portal Capes, Lilacs and Google Scholar, complemented with a manual search in the reference lists of the selected works. Concluding that blended learning was relevant to the process of recovery of education, since social distancing was still necessary and not all people would have already had access to vaccination.En Brasil y en todo el mundo, las personas han sufrido grandes dificultades debido a la crisis sanitaria derivada de COVID-19. La contaminación por el virus fue algo nuevo y preocupante que llevó a las autoridades a crear políticas públicas para enfrentarlos en diferentes sectores, incluida la educación. Con el avance de la enfermedad y las medidas de afrontamiento, la educación se volvió híbrida, ya que el distanciamiento social se relajó. En este contexto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo general comprender las políticas públicas creadas durante y después de la pandemia que brindaron oportunidades para la educación híbrida. La metodología fue la revisión de la literatura, cuya búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Portal Capes, Lilacs y Google Scholar, complementada con una búsqueda manual en las listas de referencias de los trabajos seleccionados.  Concluir que el aprendizaje combinado era relevante para el proceso de recuperación de la educación, ya que el distanciamiento social seguía siendo necesario y no todas las personas ya habrían tenido acceso a la vacunación.  No Brasil e no mundo as pessoas sofreram grandes dificuldades devido à crise sanitária proveniente da COVID-19. A contaminação pelo vírus foi algo novo e preocupante o que levou as autoridades a criarem políticas públicas de enfrentamento em diferentes setores, dentre eles a educação. Com o avanço da doença e as medidas de enfrentamento, a educação passou a ser hibrida, visto que o distanciamento social foi flexibilizado. Diante desse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo geral entender as políticas públicas criadas durante e pós pandemia que oportunizaram a educação hibrida. Como metodologia destacou-se a revisão de literatura, cuja busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Portal Capes, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, complementada com uma busca manual nas listas de referências dos trabalhos selecionados.  Concluindo que o ensino híbrido foi relevante para o processo de recuperação da educação, visto que o distanciamento social ainda era necessário e nem todas as pessoas já teriam tido acesso à vacinação.No Brasil e no mundo as pessoas sofreram grandes dificuldades devido à crise sanitária proveniente da COVID-19. A contaminação pelo vírus foi algo novo e preocupante o que levou as autoridades a criarem políticas públicas de enfrentamento em diferentes setores, dentre eles a educação. Com o avanço da doença e as medidas de enfrentamento, a educação passou a ser hibrida, visto que o distanciamento social foi flexibilizado. Diante desse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo geral entender as políticas públicas criadas durante e pós pandemia que oportunizaram a educação hibrida. Como metodologia destacou-se a revisão de literatura, cuja busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Portal Capes, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, complementada com uma busca manual nas listas de referências dos trabalhos selecionados.  Concluindo que o ensino híbrido foi relevante para o processo de recuperação da educação, visto que o distanciamento social ainda era necessário e nem todas as pessoas já teriam tido acesso à vacinação

TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA ESPAÇOS MAKERS, VOLTADOS PARA UM TRABALHO COM AS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS

Through studies, it is understood that in school units students need to be protagonists of their own learning, taking advantage of digital tools, with the purpose of having a rich learning environment, suitable both to stimulate curiosity and to agency reflective moments about the world in which they live. Thus, it is understood that the purpose is to provide a pleasant and dynamic physical space to the students, allowing diversified exchanges through the use of the media universe, as well as the display of technological mechanisms seen as elements of contribution to the teaching-learning process. With this panorama, it is also perceived that the school needs to indicate technological environments in which students can build their learning, through the planning of classes focused on Maker Culture and Active Methodologies, which really enable the experience, exploring, with this, both creativity and reasoning, challenging them to indicate dissolutions to dissimilar problems, distinguishing appraisals that go well beyond a common point of view. To build this discussion in this study, we relied on a bibliographic research, which contributed with theoretical material that supported its entire construction.A través de los estudios, se entiende que en las unidades escolares los estudiantes necesitan ser protagonistas de su propio aprendizaje, aprovechando las herramientas digitales, con el propósito de tener un ambiente de aprendizaje rico, adecuado tanto para estimular la curiosidad como para agenciar momentos de reflexión sobre el mundo en el que viven. Por lo tanto, se entiende que el propósito es proporcionar un espacio físico agradable y dinámico a los estudiantes, permitiendo intercambios diversificados a través del uso del universo mediático, así como la visualización de mecanismos tecnológicos vistos como elementos de contribución al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Con este panorama, también se percibe que la escuela necesita indicar entornos tecnológicos en los que los estudiantes puedan construir su aprendizaje, a través de la planificación de clases enfocadas en Cultura Maker y Metodologías Activas, que realmente posibiliten la experiencia, explorando, con esto, tanto la creatividad como el razonamiento, desafiándolos a indicar disoluciones a problemas disímiles, Valoraciones distintivas que van mucho más allá de un punto de vista común. Para construir esta discusión en este estudio, nos basamos en una investigación bibliográfica, que contribuyó con material teórico que apoyó toda su construcción.Por meio de estudos, compreende-se que nas unidades escolares os estudantes necessitam se mostrar protagonistas de suas próprias aprendizagens, aproveitando-se, para tanto, de ferramentas digitais, com o desígnio de ter um abastado ambiente de aprendizagem, adequado tanto para estimular a curiosidade quanto para agenciar instantes reflexivos acerca do mundo no qual vivem. Assim sendo, compreende-se que o propósito está em proporcionar um espaço físico agradável e dinâmico aos educandos, permitindo intercâmbios diversificados mediante a utilização do universo midiático, bem como a exibição dos mecanismos tecnológicos vistos como elementos de contribuição para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Com este panorama, percebe-se ainda que a escola necessita indicar ambientes tecnológicos nos quais os estudantes possam edificar a sua aprendizagem, por meio do planejamento de aulas voltadas para a Cultura Maker e as Metodologias Ativas, as quais realmente possibilitem a experiência, explorando-se, com isso, tanto a criatividade quanto o raciocínio, desafiando-os a indicar dissoluções para dessemelhantes problemas, distinguindo apreciações que vão bem além de um ponto de vista comum. Para edificar tal discussão neste estudo, contou-se com uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, a qual contribuiu com material teórico que embasou toda a sua construção.Por meio de estudos, compreende-se que nas unidades escolares os estudantes necessitam se mostrar protagonistas de suas próprias aprendizagens, aproveitando-se, para tanto, de ferramentas digitais, com o desígnio de ter um abastado ambiente de aprendizagem, adequado tanto para estimular a curiosidade quanto para agenciar instantes reflexivos acerca do mundo no qual vivem. Assim sendo, compreende-se que o propósito está em proporcionar um espaço físico agradável e dinâmico aos educandos, permitindo intercâmbios diversificados mediante a utilização do universo midiático, bem como a exibição dos mecanismos tecnológicos vistos como elementos de contribuição para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Com este panorama, percebe-se ainda que a escola necessita indicar ambientes tecnológicos nos quais os estudantes possam edificar a sua aprendizagem, por meio do planejamento de aulas voltadas para a Cultura Maker e as Metodologias Ativas, as quais realmente possibilitem a experiência, explorando-se, com isso, tanto a criatividade quanto o raciocínio, desafiando-os a indicar dissoluções para dessemelhantes problemas, distinguindo apreciações que vão bem além de um ponto de vista comum. Para edificar tal discussão neste estudo, contou-se com uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, a qual contribuiu com material teórico que embasou toda a sua construção

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 4: experience from a single reference center

Purpose: To characterize patients with APS type 4 among those affected by APS diagnosed and monitored at our local Reference Center for Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes. Methods: Monocentric observational retrospective study enrolling patients affected by APS diagnosed and monitored in a Reference Center. Clinical records were retrieved and analyzed. Results: 111 subjects (51 males) were affected by APS type 4, mean age at the onset was 23.1 ± 15.1 years. In 15 patients the diagnosis of APS was performed during the first clinical evaluation, in the other 96 after a latency of 11 years (range 1-46). The most frequent diseases were type I diabetes mellitus and celiac disease, equally distributed among sexes. Conclusions: The prevalence of APS type 4 is 9:100,000 people. Type I diabetes mellitus was the leading indicator of APS type 4 in 78% subjects and in 9% permitted the diagnosis occurring as second manifestation of the syndrome. Our data, showing that 50% of patients developed APS type 4 within the first ten years, don't suggest any particular follow-up time and, more importantly, don't specify any particular disease. It is important to emphasize that 5% of women developed premature ovarian failure

Inhibition of FGF receptor blocks adaptive resistance to RET inhibition in CCDC6-RET-rearranged thyroid cancer.

Genetic alterations in RET lead to activation of ERK and AKT signaling and are associated with hereditary and sporadic thyroid cancer and lung cancer. Highly selective RET inhibitors have recently entered clinical use after demonstrating efficacy in treating patients with diverse tumor types harboring RET gene rearrangements or activating mutations. In order to understand resistance mechanisms arising after treatment with RET inhibitors, we performed a comprehensive molecular and genomic analysis of a patient with RET-rearranged thyroid cancer. Using a combination of drug screening and proteomic and biochemical profiling, we identified an adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors that reactivates ERK signaling within hours of drug exposure. We found that activation of FGFR signaling is a mechanism of adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors that activates ERK signaling. Combined inhibition of FGFR and RET prevented the development of adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors, reduced cell viability, and decreased tumor growth in cellular and animal models of CCDC6-RET-rearranged thyroid cancer

Creep strength and minimum strain rate estimation from Small Punch Creep tests

A new standard is currently being developed under the auspices of ECISS/TC 101 WG1 for the small punch testing technique for the estimation of both tensile and creep properties. Annex G of the new standard is covering the assessment and evaluation of small punch creep (SPC) data. The main challenge for estimating uniaxial creep properties from SPC data is the force to equivalent stress conversion between SPC and uniaxial creep tests. In this work a range of SPC assessment methodologies, benchmarked for the standard, are compared for verifying the best practice used in the standard. The estimated equivalent stresses for SPC are compared to uniaxial creep stresses at equal rupture times, using three alternative models. In-depth analyses are performed on SPC and uniaxial creep data for P92, F92 and 316 L steel tested within an inter-laboratory round robin. The formulation for SPC equivalent creep strain rate in the standard is also assessed